นิยามของการเมืองใหม่ กับ นิยามการปกครองในสารานุกรม

autocracy - "rule by a single individual", such as a dictator or absolute monarch.

ปกครองโดยเผด็จการ หรือ เรียกง่ายๆ ว่า อัตตาธิปไตย

meritocracy - "rule by those who most deserve to rule". While this appears to be the same as the original meaning of "aristocracy", the term "meritocracy" has usually implied a much more fluid form of government in which one is, at most, considered "best" for life, but must continually prove one's "merit" in order to stay in power. This power is not passed on to descendants.

ปกครองโดยคนที่สมควรจะได้ปกครอง หรือ การปกครองโดยคนดีมีความสามารถ หรือ ธรรมาธิปไตย

Technocracy - A form of government in which scientists and technical experts are in control; "technocracy is described as that society in which those who govern justify themselves by appeal to technical experts who justify themselves by appeal to scientific forms of knowledge". A governmental or organizational system where decision makers are selected based upon how highly knowledgeable they are, rather than how much political capital they hold.

ปกครองโดยคนที่มีความรู้ความสามารถ หรือผู้เชี่ยวชาญในแต่ละสาขา

plutocracy - "rule by the wealthy". In actual practice, aristocrats' wealth allows them to portray their own virtues as the "best" ones. Usually, this wealth is passed down through inheritance, and in countries like England may be kept intact through primogeniture, in which the oldest child (usually first male) inherits the bulk of the wealth and titles.

ระบบศักดินา ปกครองโดยแบ่งตามความมั่งคั่ง

oligarchy - "rule by the few". Whether an aristocracy is also an oligarchy depends entirely upon one's idea of what is a "few".

ระบบคณาธิไตย หรือ การปกครองโดยคนส่วนน้อยที่แต่งตั้งขึ้น

monarchy - "rule by a single individual". Historically, the vast majority of monarchs have been aristocrats themselves. However, they have also been very often at odds with the rest of the aristocracy, since it was composed of their rivals. The struggle between a ruling dynastic family and the other aristocratic families in the same country has been a central theme of medieval history.

ระบอบสมบูรณาญาธิราชย์

democracy - "rule by the majority". Democracy and aristocracy are incompatible as forms of government due to the hereditary nature of power in an aristocratic system. An exception to this was the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, where a kind of "democracy of nobility" (szlachta) existed.

ระบอบประชาธิปไตย หรือ โลกาธิปไตย การปกครองโดยอาศัยเสียงส่วนใหญ่